Flying in Europe: 2025 Carry-On Rules You Need to Know

If you’ve ever flown in the United States and then hopped over to Europe, you already know it feels like you’ve entered a whole new world of airline rules. What counts as “standard” in one place suddenly feels way too big or too heavy in another. And honestly, it can be stressful when you’re standing at the gate, watching someone argue with the staff while their bag gets shoved into one of those dreaded metal sizers.

The truth is, European airlines have always been a bit stricter than most US carriers. But now, in 2025, there are some new EU-wide regulations that make things a little more consistent across the board — and also a little confusing if you don’t know the details.

The good news? You don’t have to worry. This guide is going to walk you through the exact carry-on rules in Europe, the new “free cabin bag” regulations, which airlines are the strictest, and how you can avoid those annoying extra fees. Think of this as your no-nonsense survival guide for flying around Europe without getting caught off guard.

The Standard Carry-On Size in Europe

So, here’s the deal: in the US you can usually get away with a bag that’s around 22 x 14 x 9 inches (56 x 36 x 23 cm). In Europe though, the “standard” is a little smaller, and most airlines stick pretty close to 55 x 40 x 20 cm (21.6 x 15.7 x 7.8 inches).

That extra inch or two might not sound like much, but trust me — it matters when your bag is being forced into one of those sizing frames at the gate. I’ve seen travelers confidently stroll up with their favorite US-approved carry-on, only to get slapped with a fee because the wheels or handles pushed them over the limit.

Weight limits are another catch. A lot of European airlines add restrictions like 7 to 10 kg (15 to 22 lbs) for carry-ons. Unlike in the US, they actually weigh your bag at check-in or even at the gate. If you’ve ever tried to discreetly shift your laptop into a “personal item” to shave off a kilo, you know the struggle.

The key takeaway? If you’re flying around Europe, aim for a bag that’s under those 55 x 40 x 20 cm dimensions and keep the weight in check. Otherwise, you might end up paying more for your carry-on than you did for your flight.

The New EU-Wide Free Cabin Bag Rule

Here’s where things finally get a little traveler-friendly. For years, people were annoyed with low-cost carriers in Europe charging extra fees for even the smallest cabin bags. It almost felt like you needed a PhD in “airline fine print” just to book a cheap flight.

But in December 2023, the European Parliament passed a rule that aims to standardize cabin baggage rights. What it means in simple terms:

• Every passenger across the EU now has the right to bring one free carry-on bag into the cabin.

• Airlines can no longer force you to pay for what most of us would consider a normal cabin bag.

• The bag must be “reasonable” in size (generally aligned with the 55 x 40 x 20 cm guideline).

This was a big win for travelers because before, you could snag a €10 Ryanair flight and then find yourself paying €30 just to bring a small suitcase. That kind of sneaky pricing is what made people frustrated with budget airlines in the first place.

That said, don’t celebrate too quickly. While the EU has set the principle of free cabin bags, airlines are still dragging their feet on how they apply it. Some are already looking for loopholes — like offering the free bag but still charging for overhead bin space or giving priority to customers who pay. So while the rule is there, the real-world enforcement may still be a bit messy for now.

Still, the trend is clear: if you’re traveling in Europe, you can expect fewer surprise fees for your cabin bag moving forward.

Airline-by-Airline Carry-On Policies in Europe

Even though the EU has stepped in, each airline still has its own interpretation of carry-on rules. If you’re flying in Europe, here’s what you can usually expect from the major players:

Ryanair

• Known for being one of the strictest.

• Currently allows one small personal item for free (think backpack or handbag that fits under the seat).

• To bring a proper cabin suitcase (up to 55 x 40 x 20 cm), you often need to pay for Priority Boarding.

• With the EU rule in place, Ryanair has technically agreed to let you bring a free cabin bag, but they’re still limiting overhead bin space unless you pay.

easyJet

• Offers one cabin bag free of charge, but it must fit under the seat in front of you (45 x 36 x 20 cm).

• If you want a larger bag for the overhead bin (56 x 45 x 25 cm), you’ll need to pay or book an “Up Front” or “Extra Legroom” seat.

• Again, the EU rule pushes them toward allowing bigger free carry-ons, but they’re slow to adapt.

Wizz Air

• Operates with a similar policy to Ryanair.

• A small personal bag is free, but anything larger requires a Wizz Priority purchase.

• Their free bag size is usually 40 x 30 x 20 cm — tiny compared to most other airlines.

• They’ve been flagged multiple times for sneaky luggage fees, so keep a close eye on their updates.

Lufthansa

• Much more generous than low-cost carriers.

• Allows one standard carry-on bag (55 x 40 x 23 cm) + one personal item for free.

• Business and First Class passengers can bring two cabin bags plus a personal item.

• Lufthansa generally aligns with the “traditional airline” model where carry-ons are included.

Air France & KLM

• Both follow similar rules.

• Economy passengers get one cabin bag (55 x 35 x 25 cm) plus a personal item for free.

• Higher fare classes allow an extra bag.

• These airlines rarely give trouble about carry-on luggage unless your bag is clearly oversized.

British Airways

• Very traveler-friendly compared to budget carriers.

• Offers a cabin bag (56 x 45 x 25 cm) + a personal item (40 x 30 x 15 cm) for free.

• Both can usually go in the cabin unless the flight is full, in which case larger ones may be gate-checked at no charge.

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So, as you can see, it’s a mixed bag (pun intended). Legacy airlines like Lufthansa and BA are generous, while budget carriers like Ryanair and Wizz Air push the limits with extra fees. The EU law is forcing change, but until it’s fully enforced, you’ll still see differences depending on which airline you fly.

Liquids and Toiletries Rules in Europe

When it comes to liquids, Europe follows one of the strictest global standards — the 100ml rule. Any liquid, gel, cream, or aerosol must be in containers of 100 milliliters (3.4 ounces) or less, and all of them must fit into a single, clear, resealable plastic bag of no more than 1 liter. This applies to everything from water bottles to face creams, shampoo, and even toothpaste.

Security agents are extremely strict about this, especially at larger airports like Heathrow, Charles de Gaulle, or Frankfurt. If your liquid doesn’t fit these requirements, it will almost always be tossed out, no exceptions.

Toiletries You Can Bring

• Travel-size shampoo and conditioner (100ml or less each)

• Toothpaste (travel tubes fit fine)

• Deodorant (solid sticks are fine, aerosols count as liquids)

• Makeup like mascara, foundation, and liquid eyeliner (each counts as liquid)

• Contact lens solution (small bottles only)

• Perfume/cologne in travel sprays (100ml or less)

Toiletries That May Cause Trouble

• Large bottles of lotion or sunscreen — they must be under 100ml

• Shaving foam (aerosols are closely checked)

• Wet wipes (allowed, but sometimes checked if packaging looks bulky)

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Tips for Packing Toiletries in Europe

1. Switch to solids where possible – solid shampoo bars, deodorant sticks, and even solid perfumes are not subject to liquid restrictions.

2. Use refillable travel bottles – buy TSA-approved leak-proof bottles and decant your shampoo, conditioner, or lotions.

3. Keep essentials in your carry-on – if your checked luggage gets delayed, you’ll still have basics like toothpaste, deodorant, and face wash.

4. Buy locally – Europe has drugstores everywhere, from Boots in the UK to DM in Germany. Instead of stressing over packing, grab what you need when you arrive.

Electronics Rules in Europe

When it comes to electronics, Europe is pretty aligned with U.S. TSA rules, but there are a few quirks travelers should know.

What You Can Bring in Carry-On

• Laptops and tablets – allowed but must be removed from your bag during security screening.

• Phones, e-readers, handheld gaming consoles – fine to keep in your carry-on and usually don’t need to be removed unless specifically asked.

• Headphones and chargers – allowed in carry-on with no issues.

• Cameras and lenses – permitted, but sometimes agents ask to power them on to prove they’re working.

• Power banks (portable chargers) – only allowed in carry-on, never in checked luggage.

What You Can’t Bring

• Hoverboards or e-scooter batteries – banned on almost all airlines.

• Large lithium batteries – anything above 100Wh often requires airline approval.

• Loose power tool batteries – not allowed in carry-on or checked.

Security Process in Europe

• Laptops and tablets out: Just like in the U.S., you’ll need to place them in a separate bin.

• Liquids and electronics separated: Be ready to pull both out at once — Heathrow, Schiphol, and other big airports enforce this very strictly.

• Extra screening: Devices may be swabbed for explosives residue. This is normal, so don’t panic if it happens.

Pro Tip

Some European airports are upgrading to CT scanners, which allow liquids and electronics to stay in your bag. But since it’s not universal yet, always pack assuming you’ll have to take them out.

Top Carry-On Bags That Always Fit European Airlines (Affiliate Picks)

If you’re gearing up to fly through Europe without stress, here are my top picks for carry-ons that consistently meet the 55 × 40 × 20 cm size rule and perform well in real-world travel. Each includes an Amazon link, pros & cons, and why it’s a solid choice.

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Best Picks

Cabin Max Velocity 55x40x20cm Expandable Spinner

Perfect for budget carriers like Ryanair and easyJet. Lightweight, expandable, and made exactly to EU cabin limits.
👉 View on Amazon

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Travelpro Platinum Elite 20-Inch Expandable Hardside Spinner

Premium quality, durable, and ideal for frequent business travelers who want zero stress at boarding.
👉 View on Amazon

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Travelpro Maxlite 5 20-Inch Hardside Spinner

Slim, lightweight, and eco-friendly—perfect for travelers who want a lighter carry-on without giving up structure.
👉 View on Amazon

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Cabin Max Anode 44L Hardshell Cabin Case

Durable, compact, and tailored for European cabin restrictions while keeping your belongings safe.
👉 View on Amazon

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Traveler’s Choice Amsterdam Carry-On Upright

A budget-friendly softside option that fits European size limits and offers surprising space for its size.
👉 View on Amazon

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Why These Bags Stand Out

Tips for Avoiding Carry-On Hassles in Europe

Traveling through Europe with just a carry-on can be both liberating and stressful. To save yourself from unexpected fees or awkward repacking moments at the gate, here are some practical tips:

1. Always Check Your Airline’s Rules Before Booking

Even though EU law is in play, many airlines still display their own carry-on policies on their websites. Before you book, check what’s allowed for free and whether overhead bin space comes with your ticket. This can save you from last-minute surprises.

2. Measure and Weigh Your Bag at Home

Budget airlines like Ryanair and Wizz Air are notorious for measuring bags at the gate. Even if your suitcase is just a few centimeters too big, they may charge you a steep fee. Invest in a small luggage scale and double-check your bag dimensions before heading to the airport.

3. Pack Smarter, Not Heavier

Use space-saving tricks like rolling clothes, using packing cubes, or even wearing your bulkiest items (coats, boots) onto the plane. Many European carriers don’t strictly enforce weight limits, but if they do, wearing heavier items can make all the difference.

4. Consider Priority Boarding (If You’re Flying Budget Airlines)

This isn’t always necessary, but if you’re flying Ryanair, Wizz Air, or easyJet, paying a little extra for “Priority” can guarantee you both a personal item and a cabin suitcase in the overhead bin. It can be cheaper than getting stung at the gate.

5. Keep Essentials in Your Personal Item

Even if you have a cabin suitcase, sometimes airlines will ask you to gate-check it for free if the overhead bins are full. That’s why you should always keep essentials (medications, electronics, travel documents) in your under-seat personal bag.

6. Know When to Gate-Check Without Worry

If your bag is within the official size limit but the flight is packed, you may have to hand it over at the gate. Don’t panic — in most cases, this is free and you’ll pick it up right after landing.

7. Use Airline Apps for Updates

European budget airlines are infamous for sudden rule changes. Downloading their app keeps you updated on policy shifts and alerts you about boarding changes that might affect your luggage.

Tips for Packing Smart for European Airlines

Packing light for European trips isn’t just about staying under airline limits. It’s about making your journey smoother, avoiding stress at the gate, and saving space for those inevitable souvenirs. Here are some tried-and-tested tips that make a huge difference:

1. Choose a Flexible Carry-On

Soft-sided luggage often works better than hard-shell if you’re flying on low-cost carriers. It can squeeze into tighter sizers, and gate agents are less likely to give you trouble if your bag looks compact. That said, if you prefer the protection of a hard case, pick one that’s slim and truly within the 20 cm depth limit.

2. Roll, Don’t Fold

Rolling your clothes not only saves space but also helps minimize wrinkles. You can fit more into a small cabin bag when you tightly roll jeans, t-shirts, and even sweaters. Packing cubes can help separate rolled clothing and keep things neat.

3. Wear Your Bulkiest Items

European airlines can be strict with both size and weight. If you’re bringing a heavy coat, boots, or chunky sweater, wear them on the plane. This frees up valuable space in your carry-on and keeps your bag within weight limits.

4. Limit Shoes to Two Pairs

Shoes are bulky and eat up space. Stick with one comfortable pair for walking (think sneakers or lightweight boots) and one slightly nicer pair for evenings out. If you must pack sandals, opt for ultra-thin foldable ones.

5. Toiletries: Think Small and Solid

Liquids are limited to 100 ml containers in Europe, and all must fit in a 1-liter zip bag. To avoid the hassle, swap liquid shampoo and soap for solid bars. They last longer and don’t count toward your liquid allowance.

The Future of Carry-On Rules in Europe

The European Union’s recent push for uniform rules on carry-ons was a huge win for travelers, but the story isn’t over yet. Policies are still evolving, and how airlines choose to adapt will shape the future of budget travel in Europe.

EU-Wide Enforcement

While the EU Court of Justice has ruled that passengers are entitled to carry one piece of hand luggage free of charge, enforcement is still a bit patchy. Some budget airlines test the limits by introducing “seat + carry-on” bundles or calling overhead space a “premium” service. Over the next few years, we can expect more pressure on airlines to simplify and comply with a standard rule across the board.

Possible Expansion to Weight Limits

Right now, the ruling mostly covers dimensions, but airlines in Europe often set strict weight limits. For instance, Vueling and Lufthansa sometimes cap hand luggage at 8kg, which is barely enough if you’re traveling with a laptop and a pair of shoes. A future EU update could address not just size but also fairness in weight restrictions.

Technology at Play

Some airports are already testing AI-powered luggage scanners at gates. Instead of staff manually checking bags, machines will instantly scan dimensions and weight. This could make enforcement more consistent — but also less forgiving.

Airlines May Pivot to Other Fees

If airlines are forced to loosen carry-on restrictions, they might look for other ways to make up the lost revenue. This could mean higher charges for checked bags, seat selection, or even “convenience fees” that cover multiple services at once.

The Push for Passenger-Friendly Policies

Consumer watchdog groups in Europe are becoming more active. The EU wants to encourage budget-friendly travel across borders, which means airlines will face growing scrutiny if they continue nickel-and-diming passengers. Over time, the rules will likely become clearer and fairer for travelers.

Conclusion: Stress-Free European Travel

Flying within or to Europe doesn’t have to be stressful if you go in prepared. Each country and airline has its own little quirks, but most rules share the same foundation — keep your carry-on within size limits, pack liquids correctly, and avoid prohibited items. If you stay mindful of these basics, you’ll breeze through security instead of fumbling at the checkpoint.

It also helps to think practically. Don’t just pack what you can bring — pack what you’ll actually need. A compact carry-on that rolls smoothly over cobblestones, a small bag for personal items, and smart packing tools like cubes or compression bags can completely change your travel experience.

Finally, always double-check your airline’s website before flying. Regulations can change, and what’s allowed on one airline may be restricted on another. Being prepared means you save time, avoid extra fees, and step off the plane ready to enjoy your trip instead of worrying about your luggage.